240 Landmarks Top ＞ Passenger Cars, Part 1 ＞ Type 95 Kurogane 4WD Military Personnel Carrier 　Type 95 Kurogane 4WD Military Personnel Carrier Tetsushi Makita, who had been involved with the development of the Otomo and Ares with Junya Toyokawa in the Hakuyosha Company, moved to a new position with the Nihon Jidosha Corporation, becoming responsible for the design of the JAC motor bike, New Era three-wheeler and Kurogane. This company became Nihon Nainenki in 1932 and focused on producing a three-wheeled version of the Kurogane. However, the Japanese army instructed Nainenki to develop Japan's first 4-wheel drive vehicle, which was formally adopted and mass-produced as the Type 95. Characterized by a water-cooled engine and low weight, the Kurogane's double wishbone independent front suspension and large tires meant that it was highly suitable for traversing rough terrain. * It should be noted that the joints of the front-wheel drive axles were all cruciform joints. Storage location : MOTORCAR MUSEUM OF JAPAN (40, Ikkanyama, Futatsunashi-cho, Komatsu-shi, Ishikawa-ken 923-0345) Year manufactured : 1936 Manufacturer : Nihon Nainenki, Tetsushi Makita Classification : Mass-production vehicle Current status : On public display: operational Vehicle name / Manufacture Vehicle name : Kurogane 4-Wheel Drive Car Model name : Type 95 Military Vehicle Company name : Nihon Nainenki Year manufactured : 1936 Designed by : Tetsushi Makita Vehicle type/usage : Small military passenger vehicle Location of actual vehicle/replica : Motor Car Museum of Japan Model / Weight Style : Phaeton Number of doors : 2 Passenger capacity : 2 Vehicle weight : Approx. 1060 kg Points of interest, topicality : Developed 4 years earlier than the American Jeep (1940) Body / Size Structure : Steel sheet stamping Bumpers : Steel piping Step : None Overall length : 3550 mm Overall width : 1250 mm Overall height : 1500 mm Tire size : 6.00-18 in Features : 4800 units manufactured Body / Axle / Driving / Others Frame : Steel sheets, ladder type Front axle : Independent DWB, coil Rear axle : Rigid, longitudinal 1/2 leaf Wheelbase : 2000 mm Front tread x rear tread : 1250 mm Vehicle height adjustment : None Steering : Round steering wheel Stabilizer : None Driving stability devices : None Features : Short wheelbase with large-diameter wheels, large approach angle, good driving performance on rough roads Engine / Size / Power Cooling/cylinder arrangement : Air-cooled/V2 Valve train : OHV Carburetor : Amal type Bore x stroke : 95×98 mm Displacement : 1399 cc Max. power/r.p.m. : 33 hp/3300 rpm Exhaust emissions treatment : Exhaust muffler only Supercharger : None Variable ignition system : Automatic ignition timing Fetures : As it was an air-cooled engine, it was easy-to-maintain in an era before the invention of antifreeze. Hybrid Hybrid system type : None Drive-train Transmission : MT4 Drive system : 4WD Performance Mode fuel efficiency : - Reference materials : Hayashi Kageyama, Hashire Yonrin Kudosha, Sankaido (1977) 240 Landmarks Top ＞ Passenger Cars, Part 1 ＞ Type 95 Kurogane 4WD Military Personnel Carrier